Blockchain-Based Federated Learning Enables Secure Medical Collaboration

This systematic review (Wang et al., J Med Internet Res, 2026) analyzes over 100 studies from 2018–2025 on blockchain-based federated learning (BCFL) in medicine. It finds BCFL combines blockchain's decentralized trust with federated learning's privacy-preserving training to mitigate model tampering, data leakage, and incentive gaps across EHR sharing, IoMT, epidemic forecasting, and telemedicine. The review categorizes architectures and outlines practical trade-offs and challenges.