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Career Paths

Pick the data role that fits how you want to work.

16 source-backed roadmaps across analytics, data science, AI engineering, data engineering, decision science, healthcare, finance, and governance.

All LDS career roadmaps

Every path follows the same role-first structure: what to learn, why it matters, what to build, and how to prove readiness.

16 paths
Best entry point

Data Analyst

Extract insights, build dashboards, and turn business questions into SQL, Python, and visualization workflows.

$96K-$139K
US base range
7% growth
growth signal

Entry-level analytics demand varies by market; treat this as a BI, reporting, and business analytics gateway.

SQLPythonStatisticsDashboards
8 stages · 6-12 monthsView roadmap
Most versatile

Data Scientist

Use statistics, machine learning, experimentation, and product judgment to turn messy data into decisions.

$122K-$183K
US base range
34% growth
growth signal

BLS projects strong US growth for data scientists; global demand depends on AI adoption and local hiring cycles.

PythonStatisticsMachine learningExperimentation
8 stages · 9-14 monthsView roadmap
Builds production ML

Machine Learning Engineer

Build, deploy, optimize, and maintain machine learning systems that serve real users.

$134K-$193K
US base range
15-34% growth
growth signal

ML engineering maps to software, data science, and AI deployment demand rather than one clean occupation code.

PyTorchMLOpsModel servingSystems
8 stages · 9-13 monthsView roadmap
Data infrastructure

Data Engineer

Design pipelines, warehouses, lakehouses, and streaming systems that make data reliable.

$127K-$181K
US base range
4-15% growth
growth signal

Data engineering sits between software, database architecture, warehousing, and cloud infrastructure demand.

SQLdbtSparkKafka
8 stages · 10-14 monthsView roadmap
LLM product builder

AI Engineer

Ship LLM applications, RAG systems, agents, evals, and production AI features.

$134K-$193K
US base range
15-34% growth
growth signal

AI engineering demand is global, but exact role definitions and pay vary sharply by product maturity and region.

LLM APIsRAGAgentsEvals
8 stages · 6-12 monthsView roadmap
Trust layer

Analytics Engineer

Turn raw warehouse data into governed models, metrics, tests, and trusted analytics surfaces.

$105K-$170K
US base range
4-9% growth
growth signal

Analytics engineering is a fast-moving title; use data warehousing and BI sources as stable market anchors.

dbtSQLWarehousesMetrics
7 stages · 8-12 monthsView roadmap
Production ML ops

MLOps Engineer

Keep ML systems alive with CI/CD, model serving, monitoring, feature stores, and production operations.

$134K-$193K
US base range
15-34% growth
growth signal

MLOps is best treated as a production-systems role shaped by AI adoption, software demand, and model governance.

DockerKubernetesMLflowMonitoring
8 stages · 10-14 monthsView roadmap
Finance specialist

Quantitative Analyst

Use mathematics, programming, statistics, and market structure to price risk and research trading ideas.

$150K-$260K
US base range
6-21% growth
growth signal

Quant hiring is concentrated by market, firm type, credential bar, and role track: research, dev, risk, or trading.

PythonProbabilityDerivativesRisk
8 stages · 12-18 monthsView roadmap
Customer AI deployment

Forward Deployed AI Engineer

Embed with customers, scope valuable AI workflows, build production systems, and prove adoption with evals.

$135K-$210K
US base range
15%+ growth
growth signal

OpenAI and Palantir job descriptions show a real hybrid role: engineering, customer discovery, system design, deployment, and adoption.

LLM appsCustomer discoveryEvalsFull-stack
8 stages · 6-12 monthsView roadmap
Dashboard and KPI owner

Business Intelligence Analyst

Build trusted reporting, dashboards, KPI systems, and business intelligence workflows.

$69K-$104K
US base range
7-9% growth
growth signal

O*NET explicitly defines BI analyst work around querying repositories, reports, dashboards, patterns, and BI systems.

SQLDashboardsKPIsStakeholders
7 stages · 4-8 monthsView roadmap
Funnels and experiments

Product and Growth Analyst

Analyze funnels, experiments, retention, pricing, and product behavior to improve user outcomes.

$96K-$139K
US base range
7% growth
growth signal

This role sits between analytics, market research, product management, and experimentation rather than one official occupation code.

SQLA/B testingFunnelsRetention
7 stages · 6-10 monthsView roadmap
Senior data systems

Data Architect

Design data models, warehouses, governance, integration patterns, and architecture decisions for scale.

$137K-$190K
US base range
4% growth
growth signal

BLS separates database architects from DBAs and projects stronger growth for architecture work.

Data modelingWarehousesGovernanceArchitecture
8 stages · 12-18 monthsView roadmap
Optimization specialist

Operations Research Analyst

Use optimization, simulation, forecasting, and analytics to improve operational decisions.

$54K-$159K
US base range
21% growth
growth signal

BLS projects strong US growth for operations research analysts, a distinct path from quant finance.

OptimizationForecastingSimulationPython
7 stages · 8-14 monthsView roadmap
Research to product

Applied Scientist

Bridge research and product by designing experiments, models, papers, prototypes, and measurable AI improvements.

$135K-$232K
US base range
20-34% growth
growth signal

Applied scientist roles are concentrated in AI labs, search, recommendations, ads, robotics, and product ML teams.

ResearchDeep learningExperimentsPapers
8 stages · 12-24 monthsView roadmap
Healthcare data specialist

Health Data Scientist

Analyze clinical, claims, public health, and biomedical data with statistical rigor and privacy-aware workflows.

$100K-$183K
US base range
23-34% growth
growth signal

O*NET includes biostatisticians, clinical data managers, health informatics specialists, and data scientists in its Data Science and AI cluster.

StatisticsClaims dataPrivacyML
7 stages · 9-15 monthsView roadmap
Trust and controls

Data Governance and AI Risk Analyst

Make data and AI systems trustworthy through governance, quality, lineage, controls, evaluation, and risk documentation.

$90K-$164K
US base range
9-29% growth
growth signal

AI adoption is increasing demand for judgment, governance, compliance, data quality, and risk skills around automated systems.

GovernanceData qualityLineageAI evals
7 stages · 6-12 monthsView roadmap