Virtual Fencing System Reduces Human–Wildlife Conflict

Researchers in Kenya designed and implemented an IoT- and machine learning–based virtual fencing system to mitigate human–wildlife conflict, integrating YOLOv11 on a Raspberry Pi 5, RD-03D mmWave radar, NEO-6M GPS and SIM800L GSM for alerts. The model classified giraffes with 70–90% confidence and the system sends SMS location alerts, offering a low-cost, scalable alternative to physical fences for conservancy-adjacent communities.