Hyperintensionality Challenges Standard Possible-World Semantics Accounts

An excerpt analyzes hyperintensional phenomena in philosophy of language and mind, distinguishing representational (belief, knowledge, propositions) and non-representational notions (essence, grounding, truthmaking). It highlights problems for standard possible-world semantics—logical omniscience, uninformative necessary truths, and failure to distinguish necessarily equivalent contents—using examples like knowledge, Fermat’s Last Theorem, and conditionals. The analysis implies need for hyperintensional individuation or alternative semantic frameworks.