Fuzzy Clustering Identifies Anesthesia Depth States

Researchers from Taipei Veterans General Hospital and collaborators (JMIR Med Inform 2026) retrospectively analyzed more than 16,000 frontal pEEG data points from 10 elective lumbar surgery patients and applied Fuzzy C-Means clustering to classify anesthetic depth into slight, proper, and deep states. Clusters matched expected spectral changes—delta dominance, increased frontal alpha, decreased beta—and aligned with Patient State Index trends. The method offers a data-driven complement to existing EEG indices for perioperative monitoring.